SKTT and free consumers 2026 guide

Last Resource Supply Tariff (LCTT) for high consumption subscribers in the Turkish electricity market is a cost-based tariff applied to free consumers who have not made a bilateral agreement. 2026 limits were updated with the decision of EMRA dated 30.10.2025; The annual threshold for residential subscribers was reduced from 5,000 kWh to 4,000 kWh. In the industrial and commercial group, the limit was maintained as 15,000 kWh/year. Exceeding the limit means switching from national tariff to market cost — formula (PTF + YEKDEM) × KBK. For industrial facilities, this transition can create a difference of hundreds of thousands of lira in annual energy costs.

Who is an eligible consumer?

Eligible consumer within the scope of the Electricity Market Law; It is a consumer who exceeds the annual consumption threshold determined by EMRA, is directly connected to the transmission system or has the legal entity of an organized industrial zone. Exceeding the threshold alone does not mean a transition to SKTT: the consumer who makes a bilateral agreement (free supply agreement) chooses his supplier at market prices. If there is no bilateral agreement, the incumbent supply company applies a Last Resource Supply Tariff — a departure from the state-subsidized national tariff.

(PTF + YEKDEM) × KBK formula

SKTT unit price is calculated by adding the Market Clearing Price (PTF) and the Renewable Energy Resources Support Mechanism (YEKDEM) fee and multiplying it by the Coefficient Determined by the Board (KBK). PTF changes hourly; YEKDEM is announced monthly (EMRA prediction for 2026 is 201–618 TL/MWh). While the national tariff has a fixed unit price and subsidy, SKTT is directly tied to market cost — YEKDEM rise also affects SKTT bills. EMRA Invoice Calculation Module can be used to try with different values.

How to read SKTT line on invoice?

In the assigned supplier invoices, the active energy fee generally appears in the “Energy Consumption Price - SKTT” or “SKTT Energy Consumption Price” line. This line includes quantity (kWh), unit price and amount together. In Sepaş type industrial invoices, the consumer class may be marked as "Free Consumer Purchasing Electricity from the Last Source"; The unit price varies from month to month because PTF and YEKDEM in the formula differ in monthly periods. Check: verify period kWh with OSOS or index difference, compare unit price (PTF+YEKDEM)×KBK with your expectation.

Transition calendar: When to enter SKTT?

The regulation is applied on a calendar year basis. Annual consumptions are accumulated within the calendar year; If it is determined that you are within the scope of high consumption SKTT and there is no bilateral agreement, SKTT billing starts from the first day of the third month following the detection. Example: Housing whose 2025 consumption exceeded 4,000 kWh for the first time in October 2025 → SKTT from January 1, 2026. First exceedance in December 2025 → SKTT from 1 March 2026. The final determination is made by the relevant distribution company; Installation-based status should be inquired from the distribution company.

Calendar year and plumbing rules

• The limit is on an installation (subscription) basis: if you have more than one subscription, only the installation(s) exceeding the limit will be included in SKTT; others may remain at the national tariff.
• The subscriber entering SKTT remains in this tariff throughout the current calendar year; It is not reduced to the national tariff again in the same year.
• At the beginning of the new calendar year, if the previous year's total consumption is below the current limit, the high consumption SKTT scope is excluded.
• Annual consumption can be followed from the current year and previous year's invoices; The final decision lies with the distribution company.

Frequently asked questions

• How will my invoice be calculated if I do not choose a supplier? — Your consumptions are calculated with (PTF+YEKDEM)×KBK within the scope of high consumption SKTT. By choosing a supplier and making a bilateral agreement, more advantageous offers can generally be obtained.
• I have more than one subscription, are they all included in SKTT? - No. Only your subscription(s) exceeding the limit are covered by SKTT; Other installations continue at the national tariff.
• I am within the scope of SKTT, can I object? — SKTT is an EMRA regulation and is applied in case of limit exceedance + absence of bilateral agreement. Use distribution company channels for limit/installation determination.
• Can I switch back to the national tariff in the same year? - No. Stays at SKTT throughout the calendar year; The exit is possible in the new year if the previous year's consumption remains below the limit.

Ways to avoid SKTT

• Bilateral agreement: Selection of suppliers in free consumer status — fixed, indexed or spot+P combinations.
• Consumption optimization: hourly profile with OSOS; load shifting during peak hours (Contract Power and Peak Load guide).
• Self-consumption / Solar Power: Staying under the limit by reducing the net kWh drawn from the grid (Hourly Settlement guide).
• Energy efficiency: Total kWh reduction with engine, HVAC and compressed air investments.
• Correct subscriber group: Based on limit installation in multi-installation buildings; Incorrect grouping creates costs.

Practical scenario for industrial facilities

Although the threshold of 15,000 kWh/year may seem low for small workshops, it means an average annual consumption of ~1,250 kWh/month; Commercial and light industry with intensive electrical equipment, cooling and lighting can quickly exceed this limit. The medium-sized factory (500,000–5,000,000 kWh per year) has already been in free consumer status for years; The main risk is that MTF+YEKDEM fluctuation and contract strength/force excess items are not managed together during bilateral agreement renewal periods. The OSOS integration in our Energy Use Measurement in Industry guide is the basis for seeing the LCTT and free supply cost on an hourly basis.

Residential subscribers: 4,000 kWh threshold

The decrease in the residential limit to 4,000 kWh in 2026 affects households with air-conditioned residences, electric vehicle charging and heavy use of household appliances. In residential SKTT, KBK is 1.05. The SPP + battery combination is a strategic way to stay in the national tariff by keeping the (net) kWh purchased from the grid under the limit — but residential subscribers benefit from the hourly offset exception; Solar economy is calculated differently. ENOPTIMAL's main focus is industry and public consumption; residential SKTT is mostly within the scope of supplier information.

Conclusion

SKTT is not a “high consumption penalty” — it is a transition mechanism to market cost. In 2026, the limits (residential 4,000, industrial/commercial 15,000 kWh) and KBK (1.05 / 1.0938) should be read together; The unit price of the SKTT line on the invoice is verified with this formula. Calendar year and installation-based rules determine the scope. The trio of bilateral agreement, OSOS-based consumption optimization and SPP and net withdrawal management keeps the SKTT risk under control. Verify your limit status with your distribution company; Make PTF+YEKDEM×KBK projection during supply contract renewal periods.