Hourly netting 2026: what GES operators must know

The economics of rooftop and land solar power investments in Turkey largely depend on netting and sales limits. With the regulation published on April 2, 2026, monthly offsets will end in unlicensed production facilities as of May 1, 2026; Instead, each hour's production will be matched with that hour's consumption. Transactions will be carried out through EPİAŞ “Unlicensed Production Module (LM)” — ENOPTIMAL production management uses this data as a basis for hourly monitoring and scenario analysis.

Switching from monthly settlement to hourly

In the old system, total production and total consumption during the month were offset at once. In the new system, a separate calculation is made for each hour: if production meets consumption at that hour, offsetting occurs; Excess production is collected as “surplus energy” and excess consumption is collected as net consumption from the grid at the end of the month. Since the solar power plant's industrial facility, which produces at noon and consumes in the evening, now receives grid energy at night, a net consumption bill is created - this is a structure compatible with hourly market dynamics.

Invoice logic: No double invoices for offset energy

The essence of the EMRA text is this: The consumer first offsets the hour he produces with the consumption of that hour; If the production is not enough at that time, the missing part is taken from the network. The price of this “purchase” is the bilateral agreement, the last resource supply (SKT) tariff or the own subscriber group tariff (for those who purchase from non-SKT incumbent supply), depending on the situation. The supplier, on the other hand, must issue the consumption invoice to you based on the net consumption after clearing.

Three separate items (EPDK example)

Purchase price during hours when production is not sufficient

• Eligible consumer + bilateral agreement: Network purchase at the agreement price.
• If you are under last resort supply (SKT): SKT tariff price.
• Those who receive energy from the assigned supplier and are not within the scope of SKT: Tariff price of your own subscriber group.
• The supplier carries out market transactions with gross (pre-settlement) data in accordance with the legislation; The bill reflected to you is the net consumption.

Practical result: If consumption continues at night when there is no production, the net consumption of those hours will be included in your bill. If daytime production and consumption are offset at the same time, those hours will not appear as "extra consumption" on the invoice. In the old monthly settlement, it was deducted from the total at the end of the month; In the new system, this balance is calculated separately every hour and collected at the end of the month.

Separation between energy and money: Hours counted from SPP, PTF and YEKDEM

There are two layers to hourly settlement; should not be confused. In the energy layer: If the production meets the consumption at that hour, offset occurs - the item "you received this much kWh from the grid" does not occur for that hour; You are considered to have actually used the electricity from your solar power plant. The work does not end at the money layer: The cost of offset energy, surplus sales and net consumption purchases; It is calculated or reconciled based on PTF, YEKDEM, distribution/transfer fees and your bilateral agreement price, if any.

Why are PTF, YEKDEM and the bilateral agreement important?

• Eligible consumer + bilateral agreement: Your agreement price can be a reference in net consumption and offset reconciliation; Deviation from PTF directly changes your margin.
• PTF (Market Clearing Price): Varies hourly; Hourly PTF monitoring is essential to compare the “value” of the energy offset during the day with the cost of the energy you receive from the grid at night.
• YEKDEM: It is included in the production cost and tariff components; In the self-consumption and sales scenario, monthly YEKDEM update affects cash flow.
• Surplus sales: Subscriber group tariff in the example of EMRA; In most scenarios in the free market, it is evaluated together with the MTF and agreement conditions.
• Result: kWh is offset, but “I don't pay for that hour” and “TL equivalent of that hour depends on the market” are separate concepts — Solar investment return is measured by hourly PTF and agreement.

In the EMRA example, the price for the offset energy of 47,400 kWh is paid at the tariff price on the assigned supply company-supplier line. In field free consumer and industrial solar power plants, this compromise is practically constructed in the same logic as PTF, YEKDEM and contract prices; The real self-cost cannot be seen without hourly production-consumption matching.

EMRA example: hourly profile of a day

The table and graph below show the sample first hours of the day given in Table 1 of EMRA. During the daytime, production exceeds consumption, while at night there is only traction from the grid.

Month-end summary (EPDK figures)

• Total production: 60,000 kWh — 47,400 kWh of which covers its own consumption by offsetting.
• Surplus: 12,600 kWh — can be sold at the subscriber group tariff (within the limit).
• Total consumption: 75,000 kWh — 27,600 kWh net consumption after offset; The supplier invoice is issued based on this amount.
• Offset cost of 47,400 kWh: It is paid over the tariff through EPİAŞ / authorized supply company mechanism.

Paid production limit (formerly “sales limit”)

The expression "sales limit" in the regulation has been updated as "paid production limit". Production can be at most twice the previous year's consumption; After deducting the offsetting portion of this volume, the remainder is subject to sale. Production exceeding the limit is transferred to the YEKDEM pool free of charge - netting continues and no sales can be made.

220 MWh production scenario (Table 3)

Assuming 2025 consumption is 100 MWh, 2026 production is 220 MWh and offset is 70 MWh: paid ceiling is 200 MWh (2×100). 70 MWh of 200 MWh is used in offsetting, 130 MWh can be sold. The remaining 20 MWh from the total 220 MWh production goes to YEKDEM free of charge; This 20 MWh may continue to be offset with subsequent consumption during the year.

Same measuring point: T = A + (B − C)

If production and consumption are at the same measurement point, consumption before offset: T = A + (B − C). T is consumption before settlement; A bidirectional counter traction; B one-way production counter output; C bidirectional counter transmission. In Rooftop SPP, internal consumption is clarified with this formula.

EPİAŞ LUM and calendar

• 01/05/2026: Hourly clearing begins.
• May 2026 production: Starting from June 2026, offset is processed.
• June 1, 2026: Grid operators enter raw production/consumption data into LLM.
• EPİAŞ carries out the settlement; Suppliers carry out market transactions with gross consumption and issue the invoice based on net consumption.