Unlicensed solar energy sales do not mean "selling every kWh produced to the market". First, offset is made with the consumption of that hour; The part that is not offset is considered as net network purchase, and the excess is considered as surplus energy. With the 2026 regulation, monthly total offsetting has been abolished; Each hour is calculated separately. The salable volume is limited by the paid production limit (at most twice the previous year's consumption). These three concepts — offset, net consumption, surplus — are the backbone of feasibility and revenue projection.
How does energy sales work?
In the 5.1h or 5.1c power plant type, production is first balanced with the consumption at the same time (offsetting). The consumer is not double-invoiced for the offset energy; Monetary settlement works on the EPİAŞ-incumbent supply-supplier line. During the hours when production does not meet consumption, the missing part is taken from the network — billed with a bilateral agreement, SKTT or subscriber group tariff. When production exceeds consumption, the remainder is surplus; It can be sold at the subscriber group tariff within the paid limit. In the internal consumption (no sales) power plant type, all production is offset only by consumption; Sales revenue to the network is not calculated.
| pencil | What does it mean? | Revenue/cost |
|---|---|---|
| Offset kWh | Production = consumption at that hour | Savings (network reception drops) |
| net consumption | Total hours in which production is not sufficient | Supply invoice (cost) |
| surplus | Production > consumption (excess per hour) | Sales revenue (within limit) |
| Over-limit production | 2× over ceiling | Free YEKDEM (no sales) |
What is the paid production limit (2×)?
The expression "sales limit" in the regulation has been updated as "paid production limit". Production can be made at most twice the previous year's consumption amount. Limit preview in ENOPTIMAL feasibility form: max(previous year, current year consumption) × 2. Example: if the previous year was 100,000 kWh, the paid ceiling is 200,000 kWh/year. The kWh offset within this ceiling is deducted; The remainder can be sold. Production exceeding the limit is transferred to the YEKDEM pool free of charge — offsetting continues, but no sales revenue is generated. The hourly offset logic is summarized in our GES offset dictionary article.
2×
Paid limit
Previous year consumption
no limit
residential exception
Monthly settlement continues
EPİAŞ
LM record
Hourly transaction
Effect of hourly clearing on sales revenue
In monthly settlement, total production and total consumption at the end of the month could be matched; In the hourly system, profile compatibility is decisive. Even if the monthly totals appear equal in the factory that produces 80 kWh at noon and consumes 80 kWh at night, there is no hourly match — a net grid purchase and sale of 160 kWh occurs. Therefore, sales revenue projection cannot be made only with the kWp × yield formula; hourly production-consumption overlap ratio is required. The EMRA example in our Hourly Offsetting 2026 guide (75,000 kWh consumption, 60,000 kWh production, 47,400 kWh offsetting, 12,600 kWh surplus) embodies this distinction.
The difference between 5.1c and 5.1h is on sale
5.1c (same measurement point) is common in rooftop SPP; Consumption before clearing is calculated by the formula T = A + (B − C) (A withdrawal, B production counter delivery, C bidirectional delivery). 5.1h (separate measurement) is used in land solar power plants and facilities with separate production meters. In both types, offset and limit rules apply; Choosing the wrong type in the feasibility form distorts the sales revenue and write-off rate. Type selection is detailed in our SPP feasibility report guide.
EPİAŞ LUM and operation calendar
- 01/05/2026: Hourly clearing begins.
- May 2026 production: Starting from June 2026, offset is processed.
- June 1, 2026: Grid operators enter raw production/consumption data into LLM.
- The supplier carries out market transactions with gross data; Consumer invoice is issued based on net consumption.
How is it reflected in the feasibility calculation?
The right revenue model should have three components: (1) offsetting savings — kWh deducted from grid purchase × unit cost; (2) surplus sales revenue — kWh within the limit × sales tariff; (3) over-limit loss — kWh going to YEKDEM free of charge. Previous year and current year consumption input determines the 2× ceiling; hourly consumption mode (Mode 3 Excel) calibrates the offset rate. The LUY period in our Distribution Fee guide for Unlicensed Solar Power Plants that have completed 10 years should be added as a separate cost item.
Conclusion
Unlicensed solar energy sales are defined within the limit and hourly offset rules. The formula “total production × sales price” is misleading in investment decisions; The offset rate, net consumption and 2× limit must be modeled together. The ENOPTIMAL feasibility tool collects these inputs on the form; After commissioning, the production management module verifies the projection by monitoring the actual hourly profile. The economic impact of profile fit is also explained in our self-consumption glossary article.